Las Locuras de Cuba

 Cuba is a crazy, weird country. There’s so much about this place that defies logic that it’s hard to convey what it all means sometimes. That said, I thought I would attempt it anyway, with a list of some of the most incomprehensible things about this place.

1. In Cuba, killing a cow often carries a heavier punishment than killing a person. After the Revolution, the state guaranteed that every child under the age of seven would have access to a steady supply of milk. After seven, the supply is cut off and your average Cuban drinks only powdered milk. That supply of milk is apparently worth more than human life. The penalty for killing a person is usually a mere eleven to fifteen years, whereas the penalty for killing a cow is anywhere from fifteen to twenty. To be caught selling beef carries a penalty almost as heavy. There is no beef in Cuba. All of this leads me to the question: Why don’t they just buy more damn cows?
2. In Cuba, there is an entire generation of people marked by names beginning with the letter ‘Y’. Beginning in the mid-1970s, parents paid homage to Russia by giving their children names that sounded Russian. Apparently this involved the letter ‘Y’. So far I’ve met a Yoanka, a Yoannis, and a Yalaina, but my favorite (by far) is my friend Youdorkis, who counts among his extended family: Yonnel ,Yanorkis, Yamilia, Yoelvis, Yamilka, Yamileidis, and Yaniuski. I’m dead serious.
3.  In Cuba, it’s possible to get an advanced degree in computer programming and yet the average person doesn’t have internet access. What does it mean to have a master’s degree in computer programming when you’re working with technology that’s already outdated by ten to twenty years?
4. The lack of connection with the outside world carries over into other areas as well. Some Cubans have contacts outside the country, and thus they have some idea of how far the rest of the world has progressed without them, but others have no idea. Some people are shocked when you explain to them the concept of 4G, for example: that we have internet access anywhere, any time. The other day a Cuban woman asked my American friend how many flavors of ice cream there are in the United States. How do you even answer that question
5. There are two different currencies in Cuba: moneda nacional for Cubans and Cuban Convertibles (CUC) for foreigners. The CUC is pegged to the US$, which makes zero sense. If you change US$ here, you have to pay a tax of 10% to the Cuban government that you don't pay when you change other currencies. There are 25 moneda nacional to one CUC. Admission to museums, for example, is the same in nacional as it is in CUC: 5 nacionales for locals vs 5 CUC for foreigners. 
6. In Cuba, the average salary is roughly $18 CUC/month. The minimum is $10. The other day I went to buy canned corn in the grocery store, and the price was $7 CUC for 3 small cans. A t-shirt costs between $10-$15 CUC. Imagine working a month just to buy a t-shirt. Canned corn is out of the question.
7. During the special period, after the fall of the Soviet Union, life was so hard in Cuba that people couldn’t afford shoes. Many people took to making their own sandals out of old rubber tires and pieces of rope. In Guantánamo they called them chupamiao. (For the record, miao means urine). Strips of rubber from old tires were also used in place of elastic, to hold up people’s pants.
8. Havana is constantly in a state of flux. Since the government opened the door to private enterprise, businesses have sprung up all over the city. Massive restoration projects are happening everywhere, but one wonders where the money comes from. Many of the large hotels are owned jointly between Cubans and foreign investors, and money flows in from abroad. However, the biggest restoration projects are run by the state and they are all centered in Habana Vieja, which is the tourist hub. The restoration of Habana Vieja is managed by the official historian of the city, a man by the name of Eusebio Leal, who is an infamous figure around Havana. And yet no one really knows where his money comes from, or the money that is paying for state-run projects that are scheduled to last for five to ten years. I feel like I can come back here in two years and find a totally different place. Nothing is ever static. For the record, the rest of Havana is literally crumbling to the ground. After a heavy rainfall, you have to constantly be on guard for chunks of concrete that fall from above. The state is doing nothing to prevent this.
9. For a supposedly communist country, a powerful capitalist impulse drives everything in this country. Every Cuban is a hustler, and they hustle because they have to. They’ll do anything to earn a buck. Many of them do it illegally, usually through prostitution or by scamming tourists, but the rest all hustle legally. I’m constantly amazed by the ingenuity of Cubans and their ability to make something out of nothing. But seriously: everyone is trying to make a buck. Viva la Revolución comunista!

I'm working. I swear.

Lest we all forget that I’m here to work, I should probably say something about this particular aspect of my stay in Havana. At the same time, since this is my travel blog and most of you who read it aren’t terribly interested in dusty archival finds, I’ll try to keep it brief. Really, I’m just trying to prove that I actually do work.

As previously noted, my research got off to a bit of a rocky start when it was confirmed that the IHC records are locked up for the next five to ten years. I spun my wheels for a bit, waiting for permisos, but I eventually got into the National Archive last Monday, with three full weeks left to accomplish something. At the rate I was moving, three weeks was sounding like very little time, especially since the National Archive doesn’t allow the use of cameras and I would have to type detailed notes on everything.

My first day at the archive was rough. I was suffering the resurgence of a cold that I thought I had kicked upon my arrival in Cuba. My already sensitive nose was irritated by the dust in the archive and dripped relentlessly the entire day. Having used up my supply of quality Kleenex during my first few days here, I was in bad shape. For the record, Cuban toilet paper is not something that should ever make contact with a person’s face. I toughed it out until 3 pm that day, before I finally went running for the comfort of my room, only to find that my nose dried up almost immediately upon exiting the research room.

The next day, armed with a heavy dose of cold meds and antihistamines, I made my way back for a second day. The drugs seemed to help my nose, but they couldn’t do anything to make my research productive. The fragments that I found at the National Archive were only of peripheral interest, and I began to feel like I was spinning wheels yet again as I waited to hear back from the archive that I expected to be the most productive for my work: the Foreign Ministry Archive (MINREX).

When I still hadn’t heard back from them by Wednesday, a full week after I dropped off my paperwork, I contacted MINREX only to find that my permiso had been ready after only a day, but I hadn’t received the message. Confident that I was finally going to accomplish something, I headed out for MINREX the next day. Today was going to be the day. Finally. I swear.

I arrived at MINREX and met with the lovely Damila Hechaverria Argudin. What followed was the single largest communication breakdown that I’ve experienced since I’ve been here. I brought my camera, as I had been told that I could use my camera as long as I transferred the photos to the archive as part of their efforts to digitize their collection. Or, at least that’s what I thought I was told. I’m no longer sure. Damila took me to her office, where she asked me if I had a USB drive with me. I thought it was for the purpose of transferring my photos and assured her that we could just connect my camera to her computer. She disagreed and undertook a massive project of moving files, which I interpreted as clearing off the flash drive for my use. It was a while before I realized that what she was actually doing was moving files onto the drive.

It took a disturbingly long time for me to figure out that all this time I had no idea what was going on. I wasn’t going to take photos. I wasn’t even going to look at a single sheet of paper. The documents were already digitized and she was transferring the entire collection onto the flash drive so that I could load them onto my computer. Twenty-three years worth of communication between the Cuban and Mexican foreign ministries was being handed over to me with almost zero effort. When I finally grasped what was happening, I couldn’t believe it. I kept asking Damila, “but what about the paper records?” I had to be missing something. She assured me that this was everything that had been declassified; that I was lucky to come at this time, because I didn’t need to spend weeks searching through dusty records. When I couldn’t get it through my head, she began to look at me like I’d grown a third eye.

After roughly two hours of transferring files, Damila sent me on my way—probably much to her relief. I made my way home, shaking my head all the way, still unable to believe what just happened. The most Cuban phrase I’ve learned since arriving here is nada es fácil—nothing is easy. After two weeks of waiting—waiting for permisos, waiting for the power to come back on, waiting for them to finish fumigating the archive—followed by days of turning up nothing at all, in the space of two hours I had everything that I came for without having to expend any more effort than catching a cab to Vedado.  

I took a cursory glance at the MINREX docs and realized that there was likely a wealth of information contained in the files. That said, I’d have ample time to sort through them upon my return. After my windfall, I decided that the remainder of my time would be best spent trying to dig up something, anything else at the National Archive. With every day that passes, however, I turn up nothing and find myself turning back to the MINREX files, wondering if my time would be better spent combing through the digital files in the comfort of the IHC’s air conditioned library.

This is where things stand today, as I sit here pondering my best course of action. I’m becoming convinced that my search at the National Archive is completely futile. With a week and a half remaining, I need to make the most of my time.

Complete and Utter Perfection

Last night I experienced one of those perfect moments in life that are so rare and fleeting.

It was close to midnight and my friends decided to wind up a birthday party with a swim at the beach. The weather has finally cooled down a little and I’ve been fighting a cold, so I decided I would wait on the shore and forgo the swim in the hopes that I’d feel better in the morning. As everyone crashed into the waves, I looked up at the most amazing sky I’ve ever seen. It was perfectly clear and I swear I’ve never seen so many stars. It was breathtaking. I realized then that the moment was too good to pass up sitting in the sand. I stripped down to my underwear, ran for the water, and floated out into the ocean, staring up at the stars while the waves crashed over me.

Something a little more upbeat

Cuba has been full of ups and downs. I’ve written about the lows—when I was perhaps feeling at my lowest—but there have been plenty of highs as well. There are moments when Cuba is everything you want it to be. Walking along the malecón, watching the waves break along the sea wall, a man with a trumpet offers to play you a song. Wandering the streets of Habana Vieja, music pours from every corner, every bar, every restaurant. You can’t go anywhere without hearing the sounds of Buena Vista Social Club or “Hasta Siempre, Comandante.” Those are mainly for the tourists though; when you wander outside the main streets, you’ll likely discover that Cubans prefer reggaeton.

Photo courtesy of Alex Roach

Havana is noisy, lively, and vibrant, but after a while, it can be overwhelming. Luckily it’s only 20 minutes by bus to escape to the beach. You can rent a lounge chair and an umbrella for 3 CUC and pass a whole day drinking cocolocos by the water—rum poured straight into a coconut, mixed with coconut water. When you’re finished, you find a man with a machete who’ll cut up your coconut for an afternoon snack.

After a relaxing day at the beach, you come back to discover that Havana really comes alive at night, with countless discotecas blasting music until the early hours of the morning. It’s not a myth that Cubans love to dance. People here dance with abandon. If you come to Cuba, be prepared to dance and to make a complete fool of yourself if necessary. Cubans rarely take no for an answer and they won’t let you hold back, so why fight it? This isn’t a place to be uptight.

Nor will you find the kind of self-consciousness that plagues North Americans, and women in particular. I was shocked the other day when a man asked me if I’ve always had such large legs. I’ve always been self-conscious about my legs, so to be asked that question so bluntly caught me off guard. I arched my eyebrows and responded that yes, I have. When it was clear that I was offended, I was told not to worry: “Here in Cuba we love women with big legs. After all, who wants to eat a skinny little chicken leg? Yo quiero comer tus piernas!” Dios mio! What more could I do but laugh and shake my head?

Ah, Cuba. There are highs and there are lows. You just have to take each as it comes.

Bienvenido a Cuba!

I’m putting my faith in the gods of Cuban wifi and hoping I can upload a quick post to let everyone know how things are going here. If they really smile upon me, there may even be a photo or two for your viewing pleasure. (Success!)

My first few days have been, above all, an exercise in patience. Those of you who know me well are probably aware that patience isn’t exactly one of greatest virtues. However, after much time spent in Mexico and Central America, I’ve learned to just roll with the punches. Cuba has been particularly challenging, but that hasn’t exactly come as a surprise.

On my first full day in Havana, the power went out at the guesthouse shortly after I woke up. After a few delays, I made my way to the Instituto de Historia de Cuba (IHC), the main archive where I was planning to work, in order to do the necessary paperwork for my academic visa. As promised, the administrator with whom I’ve been in contact, a woman named Belkis, is an absolute delight. I was thrilled when she told me that I could have use of internet at the IHC…until I actually attempted to get online. Not only was the connection slower than 90s dial-up (as expected), but I discovered that I was unable to access either of my two Gmail accounts. Now, this would be a problem at any time, but given the fact that I’m currently trying to secure a Mexican residence visa, I was particularly bothered by this development.

The other main hurdle to come my way at the IHC was the official confirmation of what I already knew: all of the documents are locked away for construction. The IHC is located in a beautiful old 19^th century building called the Palacio de Aldama, which is currently crumbling to the ground. A massive restoration project is underway, which is great—though not for me. All the materials I had hoped to see will be unavailable for the entirety of the restoration…which is estimated to last anywhere from five to ten years (which, at this rate, may still be less time than it takes me to write my dissertation). Fortunately there are other archives for me to visit, so all is not lost.

I returned to the casa that afternoon to get settled in and acquaint myself a bit with the area. The power stayed out for the rest of the day, seemingly the result of a massive public works project in the neighborhood. They bury the power lines under the street here, so in order to do repairs, all of the streets were being dug up for about a five-block radius. According to my hosts, the workers probably broke a line during repairs. To everyone’s relief, the lights came on at 9 pm, as did the air conditioning.

The next morning I made my way to the IHC to officially begin my research in their library, the one place that isn’t closed during construction. As I bid good morning to the security guards, I was greeted with a phrase that has already become too familiar: “No hay corriente.” No electricity. I had already been informed that the library would be closed for a meeting that afternoon, so it seemed the gods of productivity were sending me a message loud and clear: there would be no research that day.

I decided instead to go in search of wifi, which is an interesting process in Cuba. Wifi can be found at a handful of parks and hotels. You know you’ve found it when you see dozens of Cubans huddled around using their cell phones, a sight that is noticeably absent elsewhere, for those of us used to seeing people constantly staring at their phones. In order to use the wifi, you buy a card for about $3—a high price by western standards that is nothing short of outrageous for people earning Cuban pesos. The card gives you a login code and a password that gives you access to one hour of wifi. $3 (US) for one hour.

I bought a card, logged in, and was promptly informed by Google Chrome that there was no way the app was going to let me use such a ridiculously insecure signal, in more or less those words. I was determined to check my email (and maintained hope that the public wifi would give me access not permitted by the IHC servers), so I went back to the casa and picked up my computer. I was more than a little apprehensive about opening up my mac book in a public park, but was assured by multiple people that this isn’t a problem. In fact, Havana is remarkably safe. It’s one of the perks of being a police state, I suppose. As I arrived back at the park, I realized there were, in fact, multiple people working on computers. I logged on once again and was this time blessed with a surprisingly fast and efficient connection—for five minutes, after which the signal died a horrible death, never to return. I waited for about half an hour before moving to another site, only to come up empty-handed there as well. On the upside, I learned in the short time I had that I would be able to access my email…just not at that moment. I spent the rest of my day wandering the streets and periodically returning to the park to look for a signal, but it never came back.

I woke up on day three hopeful that I might actually be able to work. I made my way to the IHC where the power had fortunately come back on, but when I popped into the library I was informed that the staff was in a meeting until noon. Of course they were. After speaking to Belkis about my visa (which I could pick up on Tuesday) and another contact I needed to meet with at the IHC (who would be there Monday), I decided to again try my luck with the wifi. This time I was finally able to connect and managed to access my email. All is well and I’ve made contact with the outside world. When I returned to the IHC after lunch, I was even able to start my research. It was Friday afternoon and things were finally underway.

Now it’s Saturday and I’m hopeful that I’ll be able to upload this post. There’s a chance I may head to the beach with my host and some of his German friends later today, where I’ve been assured there are copious amounts of lobster and beer to be consumed. Tomorrow I’ve been invited to the home of one of the guesthouse employees, the lovely Elisabel, who is quickly becoming one of my favorite people and who is apparently dying to cook me dinner and show me some proper Cuban hospitality. All is well in Havana.